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Original Article
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 2023: 22: 4: 148-157

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Time Perception and Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Preliminary Study
Sung-Ho Woo , 1 Jarang Hahm , 2 Jeong-Sug Kyong , 1 Hang-Rai Kim , 1,2 Kwang Ki Kim 1,2
1 Institute of Interdisciplinary Brain Science, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea 2 Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
Time Perception and Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Preliminary Study
Sung-Ho Woo , 1 Jarang Hahm , 2 Jeong-Sug Kyong , 1 Hang-Rai Kim , 1,2 Kwang Ki Kim 1,2
1 Institute of Interdisciplinary Brain Science, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea 2 Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
Background and Purpose: Episodic memory is a system that receives and stores information
about temporally dated episodes and their interrelations. Our study aimed to investigate
the relevance of episodic memory to time perception, with a specific focus on simultaneity/
order judgment.
Methods: Experiment 1 employed the simultaneity judgment task to discern differences in
time perception between patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia, and agematched normals. A mathematical analysis capable of estimating subjects’ time processing
was utilized to identify the sensory and decisional components of temporal order and
simultaneity judgment. Experiment 2 examined how differences in temporal perception
relate to performance in temporal order memory, in which time delays play a critical role.
Results: The temporal decision windows for both temporal order and simultaneity
judgments exhibited marginal differences between patients with episodic memory
impairment, and their healthy counterparts (p = 0.15, t(22) = 1.34). These temporal decision
windows may be linked to the temporal separation of events in episodic memory (Pearson’s ρ
= −0.53, p = 0.05).
Conclusions: Based on our findings, the frequency of visual events accumulated and
encoded in the working memory system in the patients’ and normal group appears to be
approximately (5.7 and 11.2) Hz, respectively. According to the internal clock model, a
lower frequency of event pulses tends to result in underestimation of event duration, which
phenomenon might be linked to the observed time distortions in patients with dementia.
Key Words: Dementia; Time Perception; Memory, Episodic; Alzheimer Disease; Models, Statistical; Memory Disorders
대한치매학회지 (Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders)